32 M, for the better part of a year now I cannot stand up without having heart palpitations.
Sex: Male Age: 32 Height: 195cm (6'5") Weight:102kg (230lbs) Medication: Betaloc Zok Any known illness: No Drugs: No T L D R -- When I get up from a lying/sitting position I get heart palpitations. It all started 9 months ago, and the main treatment has been a month of Omeprazole in the very beginning of the symptoms, a few weeks medication for getting rid of H. pylori and 6 months of Betaloc/Metoprolol. I also experience something like lazy intestines, whereby I often feel like some gas is trapped at a bend of the intestine but instead of there being some readjustment and feeling of relief afterwards, it just remains stuck and under pressure. It all started approx. 9 months ago. LONG VERSION It all started in April 2020. I'm gonna relate everything chronologically, some things may be connected to my problem and therefore useful, some things may have nothing to do with the topic. All I can do is try and paint as holistic a picture as possible. So, I was mildly overweight in January of 2020 and decided to become fitter. I embarked on a regime of caloric restriction, walks and some some exercise (legs and butt exercises; push-ups). About 4 or 4 and a half months later I had lost 20 kg. One evening after the legs and butt exercises I go to take a shower, I felt really hot, and only had lukewarm, or lukecold water. As I was finishing the shower (or maybe the reason why I cut it short) I started getting what felt like a 200 beats per minute heart rate. I was scared and went downstairs to my girlfriend and told her what's up, then sat down. But in the end it passed. This was somewhat of a harsh blow for my psyche because I had had palpitations a few times before in my life, in 2016, when I was going through a very difficult time in my life and everything felt hopeless (not medically, just where my life was going). So the after-shower episode had been the first heart-related problems I'd experienced in 4 years, and it affected me a lot, I guess I am emotionally soft like that. But anyway, that night I only had that racing heart episode. The next day, however, we went biking around town and I felt these weird heart sensations, these palpitations, like my heart was not working properly. We had our little time in the sun in the park, lying down, and then we started biking towards home, and I started to have these palpitations again only now they felt a bit stronger than before and I got really panicky and basically made a detour on our way home to the ER. We were there for hours waiting and nothing came of it. In hindsight I understand that sitting down in the ER room and not doing any sort of physical activity made the heart palpitations go away. Nothing irregular showed on the EKG and bloodwork that they did on the spot. I went home, the next couple of days my present symptoms started getting into their own, basically when I got out of bed I would get heart palpitations, though I did not make this connection at the time. I went to the ER one more time in those initial couple days following the biking day. I was given Diazepam, Omeprazole also for a month -- some doctors in the ER thought it is an anxiety thing, some doctors asked about things to do with my stomach. It's all one big blur in my head now, so many months and doctors later. I figured I had Roemheld syndrome at some point... Anyway, corona made accessing non-critical medical help very difficult where I live. So I flew to a different country and had investigations carried out there. I went to a cardiologist. What he noticed was that I was quite 'active', I had an elevated heart rate even when nothing was happening, like lying down on his table. He found a little something on my thyroid. I then went to 3 different endocrinologists at his behest, they all said it's nothing, like yes it shows on the imaging but it is not a trouble causing formation, and it is small. I went to a stomach doctor and I took a barium imaging test, whereby you drink that awful stuff and then it shows inside you and they can see ulcers or perhaps hiatal hernias or whatever (at some point I was really into the the hiatal hernia hypothesis but apparently that wasn't it, although I do regret I was sent to do an endoscopy, 'too invasive for no good reason yet', the doc said). As you can imagine I also took a ton of blood tests for minerals and thyroid hormones etc., nothing really stood out, apart maybe from being diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori, for which I had a treatment prescribed that lasted several weeks. Nothing was found that was wrong with my heart itself, so morphologically. Anyway, after seeing a plethora of doctors in my old homeland I was given 6 months worth of Betalok/Metoprolol, to make my heart rate slower. I have been taking this medication when I wake up everyday for the past half year, and I am now a few days away from completing my treatment. Throughout this whole time whenever I would go up stairs, or engage in physical activity of any kind -- I would get heart palpitations. So the medicine is just mostly masking away the symptoms, but nothing's actually changed. Along the way, in November 2020 I took a tilt test, they said it looks like vasovagal syncope. They said eat more salt, drink 3L of water and be active every day, which I have been doing, with 0 improvements. In December 2020, since I could see that my symptoms were very much there and nothing was improving, I took a gut bacteria test and a SIBO test from some guys called Healthpath. SIBO was negative, but gut bacteria test found a number of abnormalities, see link please. https://imgur.com/a/zd6byEO What other information can I offer? I'm afraid of dying, something I can't really shake off, so I am considering therapy. And I don't very much like my work but it does pay more than I would otherwise be able to earn doing similar stuff or even the same role but with a less giving company. And I feel like money is pretty important, I couldn't just kick my salary like that, I'm pretty sure I would regret it. I can't understand what's wrong with me. Oh yeah, the last thing I'm going to say is what I, the patient, think the problem is. I think there is something wrong with my gut, or the vagus nerve, something in or around my abdomen. I feel like my intestinal transit is stuck a lot of times, like there is a great weight in my guts. Or I sometimes get a distinct feeling like I am eating/drinking and I have a very small stomach (I don't, the gastro doctor said I had quite a sizeable one), like things take a long time to exit my stomach, and I feel a very uncomfortable pressure just south of the sternum, like if you press me there where the bone ends and flesh begins, I can feel it very poignantly in my mouth, and inside me. I beg your forgiveness for the wall of text.
Hey! I’m a 24 yo male with a forever aortic valve insufficiency (it’s not closing properly) Had no issues, always a bit more tired after everything, but on august I had a lot of tingling and high pulse plus dizziness “, had around 135-95 BP and 90-120 pulse... so I got a prescription of Betaloc (metoprolol succinate) 25mg for two months, then somehow the cardio doc told me to jump on 50mg to further “calm” my heart... I feel okay (besides cold hands and some occasional dizziness and pressure in nose sinus). She told me to use it for a year probably, along with magnesium. BUT I’m noticing I gain weight for mostly no reason. I was weighting 69KG (176cm) now it’s 3.5 months of me taking it (1,5m of 50mg) and I’ve gained 4,5KGs. I lost 20 kg in two years and now I’m gettinn all the belly fat again :(
### CAN I lower the dose back to 25mg? The pill can be split in two. Or does lowering dose won’t actually “slow down” my weight gain and it’s just a fault of old medicine ? Gaining weight endlessly won’t help my heart either
It’s not so easy to go see a doc right now, I also paid to be there quick cause I barely had energy for anything back in august (heart USG was good ..) thus I don’t know .... #### should and can I lower the dose if I was feeling almost similar on 25mg of the drug ? I told doc I’m scared of taking heart drugs but she said it’s a weak one and to not be afraid. It would be okay if I didn’t gain the weight. Thanks for replies if there’s someone interested in giving AN OPINION :)
Hello, first of all, i'm very sorry for my grammar, English is not my native language. I have had migraines since i was 10 or something. Big ones...vomiting, nausea, eye pain and more. I usually stay in bed until they are gone, for like a week or more. I think the migrains Will kill me eventually. If not because of the pain, it will be because of the isolation and depression that puts me through. I also have seen several specialist, who haven't been able to help me. Even psychologist treatment, acupunture, neurologist, etc. I've come to preventive treatments with Betaloc, and in the crisis i take Ibuprophene with triptans and nausea drugs. If it doesn't pass in an hour i have another pain killer. The thing is i'm from Chile and i don't know if the lastest medical advance concernig migrains have reached here, so, i'm asking here, is there anything else i can do?
https://preview.redd.it/17qa6b9mr0751.jpg?width=910&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=815537d957e2db50c286aaab79ef99b882b28f67 People with hypertension should avoid certain activities and situations that may raise their heart rates and blood pressure to dangerous levels. These include the following: · Saunas · Steam baths · Steam rooms · Heated whirlpools · Hot tubs · Very warmly heated swimming pools It is very important for hypertensives to limit the amount of time spent in these activities to less than 10 minutes, after which they should sit down out of the heat for a few minutes before standing to minimize the risk of dizziness or passing out (syncope). Hypertensives should also be careful about using certain over-the-counter (OTC) medications that contain vasoconstrictors, which can elevate blood pressure. Such medications include: · Eye drops · Cold, flu, sinus, and cough medications (especially those containing decongestants) · Antihistamines Hypertensives are also encouraged to follow all of their physician’s orders regarding treatment, in order to prevent serious health consequences. However, patients are encouraged to discuss with their physicians any side effects or other concerns that they may have about their treatment. ARTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS · Diuretics: Medications that promote the formation of urine of kidneys, causing the body to flush out excess fluids and minerals, especially sodium. Example Lasix, Ditide, Lasilactone, Amirfru. · Alpha blockers and beta blockers: Medications that inhibit alpha and beta receptors in various parts of the nervous system, slowdown the heart rate. These help arteries to relax, decrease the force of the heartbeat and reduce blood pressure. Beta blockers are especially useful in patients with heart disease. Example: Mnipress, Prozopress, Hytrin, Terapres, Inderal, betabloc, Betaloc, Lopressor, Metolar, Aten, Atelol, Atecard, betacard, Tenormin, Tenolol, hipres, Carca, Cadivas, Carloc. · ACE inhibitors: These medications are type of vasodilator that help to reduce blood pressure by inhibiting the substances in the blood, that cause blood vessels to constrict. Example: Captopril, Enace, Envas, Normace, Amtas, Acinoprel, Cipril, Listril, Lisicard, Ramace, Cardace, Covance, Repace. · Angiotenin II receptor blockers (ARBs): This new class of drugs is showing good results and great promise in reducing hypertension-related complications. Example: Losar, Losacar. · Calcium channel blockers: These are type of vasodilator that inhibit the flow of calcium into heart and blood vessel tissues, reduce tension in the heart, relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Many physicians find that using a combination of the above mentioned drugs is more effective and has fewer side effects than using large doses of a single medication. Example: Vasopten, Calaptin, Angizem, Dilcal, Dilcontin, Diltiaz, Dilzem, Angiblock, Calcigard, Cardipin, Depin, Myogard, Nefedine, Nicardia, Amcard, Amdepin, Amlong, Amlopress, Amlosafe, Amtas, Stamlo, Angi-guard, Amtas AT, Amlovas AT, Amlopress AT. PRIMARY (ESSENTIAL) HYPERTENSION? Primary, or essential, hypertension occurs in about 90 to 95 percent of cases and has no known cause. The following are factors that are associated with hypertension and may increase the risk of developing the condition: · Stress · Family history of hypertension · Obesity · Lack of regular exercise · Smoking · Advanced age · High caffeine intake · Diet high in fats and oils · High Cholesterol levels · Inherited problems in the body’s angiotensin-renin system, which influences all factors related to controlling blood pressure: blood vessel contraction, heart cell development, sodium and water balance and the “salt genes” which play an important role in the relationship between salt and hypertension. · Inherited problems in the body’s sympathetic nervous system, which control heart rate, blood pressure and the width of blood vessels. · Type II diabetes: Half of all patients with type II diabetes also have hypertension, making hypertension a primary feature of Type II diabetes. · Insulin resistance: Whether or not people have diabetes, the body’s inability to use insulin has also been associated with high blood pressure. · Low levels of nitric oxide, which affects the smooth muscles that line blood vessels to keep them relaxed and flexible. Nitric oxide also helps prevent blood clots. · Low calcium and magnesium intake. TYPES OF HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE There are different types of hypertensions, which are as follows primary, secondary, renovascular, labile, malignant and resistant. Until the year 2000, these different types were generally diagnosed by paying attention to people’s diastolic blood pressure (the lower number of a blood pressure reading). In other words, someone with high blood pressure actually had diastolic hypertension. However, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of USA recommended that healthcare professionals should evaluate people’s not only systolic blood pressure, but also their diastolic blood pressure while making a diagnosis of hypertension. Most people with high blood pressure are diagnosed with primary hypertension, which means that researchers only understand the risk factors for the condition but not the root cause. However, these people show substantial improvement with stress management techniques. Hope you liked this article! This article is written by Dr. Bimal Chhajer (Non Invasive treatment specialist) https://preview.redd.it/zqiirosnr0751.png?width=400&format=png&auto=webp&s=2098839a7205c9cb891eb35a6483610bb9e32529
Hello friends! My partner and I are heading away for the weekend and we are planning to take 2C-B, LSD and maybe Ketamine. I have been recently prescribed beta blockers (betaloc) for migraine but not heart condition. My question is, are there any drug interactions or adverse effects with the previous mentioned substances that we need to look out for? I have a manual blood pressure monitor that I will be bringing to keep an eye on it. Also to note, the LSD and 2C-B will be on different days and the ketamine is to help with the come up / come down.
Salut! Sunt Razvan, am 23 de ani si acum 3 luni am fost operat pe cord deschis in Romania, AMA!
Salut! Ma numesc Razvan, am 23 de ani si in urma cu 3 luni am fost operat pe cord deschis pentru a nu risca sa mor subit. Boala suferita la inima se numeste Cardiomiopatie obstructiva hipertrofica. Un mic istoric despre mine: La varsta de 7 ani am inceput sa joc fotbal la o echipa. Dupa cum bine stiti, sau nu, atunci cand faci sport de performanta exista o vizita medicala periodica (din 6 in 6 luni), iar la prima mea vizita medicala mi s-a descoperit un "suflu sistolic", care nu-mi prea explica multe in acel timp. Nu am obtinut viza pentru a mai juca dar eu tot am facut-o, pana la urmatoarea vizita, cand mi s-a spus clar ca am suflu sistolic si nu am ce sa mai caut pe teren pana nu fac investigatii mai amanuntite. Am efectuat acele investigatii si undeva in 2010 mi s-a descoperit ca am cardiomiopatie hipertrofica neobstructiva. De atunci nu am mai jucat fotbal si ma duceam la controale anual, ca sa zic asa. Nu ma suparau prea multe, stiam doar ca aceasta boala ma face sa obosesc mai repede decat restul, asa ca nu mi-am zbatut prea mult capul. Intre timp, desigur ca mai jucam fotbal cu amicii prin cartier, pe la un mini-teren, etc, nu eram prea afectat fiindca eram portar. Fast-forward pana in primul an de facultate, cand s-a dus vorba ca apar decent si m-au luat niste baieti de la o echipa de mini-fotbal semi-pro. Acolo am jucat un an, iar la un antrenament mai intensiv mi s-a taiat respiratia si ma luase cu ameteli, o durere de cap si senzatia unui atac de panica. Dupa acest episod am mai avut atacuri de panica dar nimic deosebit, pana cand am mers iar la un control fiindca trebuia sa plec o vara in America cu work&travel dupa anul 2 de facultate si mi s-au dat pastile -betaloc de 50mg, 2 pe zi. In america nu am avut probleme, nici nu am fortat nota, am revenit in toamna si am terminat anul 3 de facultate, fara sa mai joc fotbal. M-am angajat in vara dupa ce am terminat facultatea, dar in acest timp observam ca obosesc mult mai repede, ma durea in piept cand urcam un etaj, cu cainele fugeam mai putin ca inainte si nu era ok. Vine iarna, primele temperaturi scazute sub 0 grade si lovitura cu realitatea: acum cand eram expus la temperaturi negative mi se facea rau, eram slabit, anemic, nu mai puteam merge la munca fiindca imi era frica sa ies din casa. A trecut iarna, am zis ca va fi ok, vine caldura. La caldura mai ridicata, la fel pateam. Nu mai stiam ce sa fac, la medic imi spusese ca muschiul inimii (aceasta boala practic consta in ingrosarea muschiului inimii si ingreunarea pomparii sangelui atunci cand depui efort) se ingrosase destul de mult si cam atat, ma programase peste alte 6 luni. Desi traim in era tehnologiei si am internet din clasa a 5a, nu mi-a dat prin cap sa dau un search pe google, si persoana care face chestia asta e mama, care abia daduse de smartphone si tehnologie mai avansata. Gaseste un spital privat in Romania, Bucuresti, care este specializat pe operatii fix pentru cei cu cardiomiopatie hipertrofica obstructiva(si este si singurul spital din Romania care efectueaza acest gen de operatii). Acest spital este Spitalul Monza, vizavi de Arena Nationala. Fast forward pana in luna iunie cand am fost programat pentru operatie. Operatia a fost facuta pe 5 iunie la ora 2 dupa-amiaza, si dupa 3 luni pot merge cu bicicleta la deal chiar, urc etaje fara sa ma mai doara in piept si pot chiar si sprinta, chiar daca nu m-am recuperat 100%. Operatia a fost efectuala de profesorul Paolo Ferazzi (cel care a venit si cu initiativa de a construi acest spital in europa de est si anume in Romania) impreuna cu Dr Lucian Dorobantu. Acesta este primul meu post pe oricare subreddit, so please dont hate me too much !
Background: 39 year old male, 105kg, 172cm From the US, but living in Cambodia Family history of heart disease - my dad has a complete blockage in one carotid artery, 60% in another - he had an angioplasty done several years ago as well. My grandmother died from heart failure. Medication:
Morning: Plavix, half tablet of betaloc, aspirin, panzo (originally nexium)
Night: half tablet of betaloc, lipiget (originally crestor)
I had a heart attack in early August. No damage to the heart as far as the doctors could tell. I had a single stent put in towards the end of August. One blockage at LAD3, around 65%. I was initially put on Plavix, aspirin, betaloc, nexium and crestor. I went to the gym in the beginning of Octoboer, did 25m of medium intensity on an exercise bike. Towards the end of the session, something felt a bit off, but I couldn't really explain what. Later that night I started experiencing numbness in my left arm and some pressure in my chest. The pressure went away fairly quickly, but the numbness took longer to go away. The next day I was having some more pressure in my chest (nothing else), so I asked to move my followup appointment closer, but the nurse talked me into coming into the emergency room instead. By the time I got off the phone the pressure was gone. However, I started experiencing a lump in my throat, which I later found out was from GERD. It was at this point that I was switched to from Nexium to Panzo. I held off on going back to the gym until last Wednesday at 8am. I was there for about 1-1.25 hours, doing some weight lifting, then walking on a treadmill for 30m (3.5kmh). That night the numbness came back, some mild chest pain. Some pain in the upper back part of my shoulder as well, like someone was pressing a thumb into it. I told this to my doctor during my appointment on Saturday, but he didn't seem to think it was a problem. He did advise me to switch to Lipitor, however. I went to the gym again on Monday. No treadmill this time, but otherwise the same routine. Later that night, I experienced numbness again (different arm). No shoulder pain, but some in my chest. The chest pain hasn't really gone away since then, though the numbness has. Last night was fairly bad. Anytime I laid down on my stomach, it would get worse. Taking a maalox damped the pain quite a bit, but not for very long. I finally fell asleep at around 5-6am, woke up around 9am feeling significantly better. No chest pain, no numbness. However, after snacking on some cocktail peanuts the chest pain has come back. Again, maalox stops it for a little while, but it comes back. I'm not really sure what to do at this point. I can't afford to continue going to the emergency room, definitely can't afford to get another angiogram done. edit: I should mention that the pain is nothing like the heart attack. I had what I thought was some heartburn, which went away. The next morning I woke up at 5am with much, much worse pain in my chest, along with numbness in my right arm. I went to the doctor, where they took a blood test after which I went home. The pain stopped at around 9am. The doctor called a little while later to let me know my tropinin levels were elevated.
Hi guys, I have been taking a Beta blocker called Betaloc for years now to help control my Arrhythmia and I’ve always been told to not to drink alcohol while on them. Years ago I gave up drinking to be safe. Now I’ve been on keto for over 6 months and didn’t even think about sugar alcohols to be something to have to worry about so just wanna be sure before I continue taking them. Normally I use Erythritol and Stevia but just noticed Stevia is 11% alcohol. I assume that means in the whole bottle, either way, does anyone know if I should avoid adding it since I’m on Betaloc? Thanks guys:)
Could it be my liver? concerns about my fatigue, lost of weight and appetite and a dipstick test, etc.
Hello! I am 19/Female/5'4/105 lbs/Asian and I live in the pacific northwest. I've been having lots of symptoms for a very long time, but I didn't really suspect that I have liver problems until we did a urinalysis lab in biology. According to the colors of my dipstick, my urobillirugen, billirubin and ketone levels were all very high. There're also some proteins (between + and ++). glucose, blood, nitrite and leukocytes are negative. The urine sample was orange and highly acidic (pH 5.0), although I did drink a large amount of water throughout the day. I was very concerned about the urobilirugen and bilirubin levels after I eliminated the possibilities of having false positives (I did my best). A lot of my symptoms, along with this dipstick test, suddenly all pointed to liver problems. My symptoms include: A recent weight loss of 5lbs for no reason, and a loss of appetite depression and anxiety, since two years ago very severe fatigue since early last year random migraines and headaches foggy brain with short term memory loss since spring last year. tremors and twitches of hands and feet rapid heartbearts having random bruises around the body bloating in legs sometimes sometimes will discover blood in stool irritable bowel little patches of yellow on the inside of my fingers that couldn't be washed off, which I discovered several days ago frequent nose bleeding. The cause of possible liver problems could be my medications. I've been taking effexor for two years; I also started taking Wellbutrin in February this year, and piracetam and betaloc for my foggy brain and heart. My liver blood was normal when it was tested just before Wellbutrin, piracetam and betaloc. At the end of February I had an allergic reaction to something unknown (I don't have any known allergies, and have never had an allergic reaction like this before) and had hives all over me. It was supressed by three medications my doctor prescribed. I was taking seven medications altogether during the week of the allergy. I apologize if it was to much text... to sum up, I have two questions:
Does it look like liver problems?
Is it possible that excessive medications damaged my liver in about two months?
Thank you very much! I would be very grateful for any reply.
I am on strict medication for migraine.. Topomac 25mg.. Sibelium 10mg.. Serenace 0.5mg and betaloc twice a day.. Though my headaches are under control I am not able to sleep.. I am having constant memory loss problems and I am not able to finish my sentences.. When I have weed my problems seem to be ok for a while!! But I am sleeping like crazy.. Anyone else facing the same issues??
On this page about Betaloc you will find information relating to side effects, age restrictions, food interactions, whether the medicine is available at a government subsidised price on the pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS) as well as other useful information. Betaloc(metoprolol): HTN; angina pectoris; MI. Cardiac rhythm disturbances including supraventricular tachycardia. Functional heart disorders w/ palpitatio Beloc ZOK enthält als Wirkstoff Metoprolol. Metoprolol gehört zur Gruppe der Betablocker und dient zur Behandlung von Bluthochdruck, zur Langzeitbehandlung von Angina pectoris, chronischer Herzschwäche, Herzrhythmusstörungen und Herzkreislaufstörungen mit Herzklopfen. Betaloc: Metoprolol belongs to the class of medications called beta-blockers. Metoprolol is used to treat high blood pressure and prevent the symptoms of certain types of angina (chest pain). It is also used to help reduce the risk of death right after a heart attack. It works by reducing the demands put on the heart. Beloc i.v.: Lesen Sie welche Wirkung nach der Einnahme von Beloc i.v. einsetzt. Die Dosierung von Beloc i.v. hängt grundsätzlich von den Anweisungen Ihres Arztes sowie den Herstellerangaben ab. Mehr erfahren Sie in diesem Do not use BETALOC to treat any other complaints unless your doctor tells you to. Things to be careful of. Be careful driving or operating machinery until you know how BETALOC affects you. As with other beta-blocker medicines, BETALOC may cause dizziness, light-headedness, tiredness, or drowsiness in some people. betaloc Domain Registration bei domains.ch. Einen anderen Dienst zum Anmelden verwenden. Betaloc CR 23.75 mg is white, to off-white, oval with a size of 5.5 mm x 10.5 mm, scored on both sides and marked A/ on one side. The tablet can be divided into two equal doses. Betaloc CR 47.5 is white to off-white, circular with a diameter of 9 mm, scored on one side and marked A/mOon one side. Betaloc 25mg Tablet belongs to a group of medicines called beta-blockers. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), angina (heart-related chest pain), irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmia). It also helps to prevent future heart attacks and stroke and to prevent migraines. Betaloc 25mg Tablet is also used to relieve the symptoms caused BETALOC 50 mg tablets are white to off-white, circular with a diameter of 8 mm, scored and marked A/BB on one side. The score line is only there to help you break the tablet if you have difficulty
Hello viewers who have not yet subscribed to our channel subscribe to the channel and stay with us About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world Betaloc (Metoprolol) is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), gripping chest pain due to insufficient oxygen for the heart (angina pectoris), and...
